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4. Light source

Two studies of the effects of the type of light source on turkey production showed no effects but one indicated that social encounters were higher in male birds reared under fluorescent lights than under incandescent lights.

ASHTON, W. L. G., PATTISON, M & BARNETT, K.C. (1973) Light-induced eye abnormalities in turkeys and the turkey blindness syndrome. Research in Veterinary Science, 14: 42-46

BACON, W.L. & TOUCHBARN, S.P. (1976) Effect of light intensity on confinement rearing of male turkeys. Poultry Science, 55:999-1007

CLARKE, J.P., FERKET, P.R., ELKIN, R.G., MCDANIEL, C.D., MCMURTRY, J.P., FREED, M., KRUEGER, K.K.,WATKINS, B.A. & HESTER, P.Y. (1993)

Effect of dietary protein restriction and intermittent lighting. 1. Effects on lameness and performance of male turkeys. Poultry Science, 72: 2131-2143

CLASSEN, H.L., RIDDELL, C., ROBINSON, F.E., SHAND, P.J. & McCURDY A.R. (1994) Effect of lighting treatment on the productivity, health, behaviour and sexual maturity of heavy male turkeys. British Poultry Science, 35, 215-225

DAVIS, G.S., SIOPES, T.D., (1985) The effect of light duration on turkey poult performance and adrenal function. Poultry Science, 64: 995-1001

DENBOW, D.M., LEIGHTON, A.T. & HULET, R.M. (1990) Effect of light sources and light intensity on growth performance and behaviour of female turkeys. British Poultry Science, 31: 439-443

FELTS, J.V., LEIGHTON, A.T., DENBOW, D.M. & HULET R.M. (1990) Influence of light sources on the growth and reproduction of large white turkeys. Poultry Science, 69: 576-583

GILL, D.J., & LEIGHTON, A.T. (1984) Effects of light environment and population density on growth performance of male turkeys. Poultry Science,

63: 1314-1321

HESTER, P.Y., ELKIN, R.G. & KLINGENSMITH, P.M. (1983) Effects of high intensity step-up and low intensity step-down lighting programmes on the incidence of leg anbormalities in turkeys. Poultry Science, 62: 887-896

HESTER, P.Y., PENG, I.C., ADAMS, R.L., FURUMOTO, E.J., LARSEN, J.E., KLINGENSMITH, P.M., PIKE, O.A. & STADELMAN, W.J. (1986) Comparison of two lighting regimens and drinker cleaning programmes on the performance and incidence of leg abnormalities in turkey males. British Poultry Science, 27: 63-73

HESTER, P.Y., SUTTON, A.L., & ELKIN R.G. (1987) Effect of light intensity, litter source and litter management on the incidence of leg abnormalities and performance of male turkeys. Poultry Science, 66: 666-675

HESTER, P.Y., SUTTON, A.L., ELKIN, R.G. & KLINGENSMITH, P.M. (1985) The effect of lighting, dietary amino acids and litter on the incidence of leg abnormalities and performance of turkey toms. Poultry Science, 64: 2062-2075

KLINGENSMITH, P.M., HESTER, P.Y., ELKIN, R.G. & WARD, C.R. (1986) Relationship of high intensity step-up lighting to bone ash and growth plate closure of the tarso-metatarsus in turkeys. British Poultry Science, 27: 487-492

LEIGHTON, A.T., HULET, R.M. & DENBOW, D.M. (1989) Effect of light sources and light intensity on growth performance and behaviour of male turkeys. British Poultry Science, 30: 563-574

LEVENCIK, C.K. & LEIGHTON, J.R. (1988) Effects of photoperiod and filtered light on growth, reproduction and mating behaviour of turkeys. 1. Growth performance of two lines of males and females. Poultry Science, 67: 1505-1513

MILLAM, J.R. (1987) Preference of turkey hens for nest-boxes of different levels of interior illumination. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 18: 1505-1513

NEWBERRY, R.C. (1992) Influence of increasing photoperiod and toe clipping on breast buttons of turkeys. Poultry Science, 71: 1471-1479

SIOPES, T.D., TIMMONS, M.B., BAUGHMAN, G.R. & PARKHURST, C.R. (1983) The effect of light intensity on the growth performance of male turkeys. Poultry Science, 62: 2336-2342

SIOPES, T.D., TIMMONS, M.B., BAUGHMAN, G.R. & PARKHURST, C.R. (1984) The effects of light intensity on turkey poult performance, eye morphology and adrenal weight. Poultry Science, 63: 904-909